Aspergillosis in Poultry: Impact and Flock Health Management - A Case Study

Abstract

The global poultry industry, driven by high demand for meat and eggs, faces significant challenges due to diseases like avian aspergillosis, particularly in developing countries. This fungal infection, caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, leads to respiratory issues, stunted growth, and high mortality in birds, posing economic losses and zoonotic risks. The disease thrives in environments with poor ventilation and contaminated feed or litter. This case report examines a 5-week-old pullet flock in Ibadan, Nigeria, where a mortality pattern was observed after prolonged antibiotic use with self-formulated feed. Necropsy revealed cachexia, sinusitis, and greyish lung nodules, with cultures confirming Aspergillus fumigatus and Escherichia coli. Sample of feeds was subjected to laboratory testing and there were growth of Aspergillus sp when cultured, hence the infection source was traced to contaminated feed, underscoring the need for stringent quality control and biosecurity measures. The treatment of the birds involved changing the feed and administering nystatin and florfenicol, leading to recovery within five days. This study highlights the importance of proper feed management and biosecurity to prevent aspergillosis outbreaks. Educating farmers on risks associated with contaminated feed and implementing effective control measures can reduce infection incidence. Ensuring regular feed testing, proper storage, and the use of antimicrobial additives are essential strategies. The zoonotic potential of aspergillosis emphasizes the need for preventive measures to protect human health, particularly among farm workers and immuno-compromised individuals. By addressing these challenges, poultry health and productivity can be improved, contributing to the sustainability of the industry.